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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">secart</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Secreta Artis</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Secreta Artis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-7140</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия акварели и изящных искусств Сергея Андрияки</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51236/2618-7140-2021-4-1-16-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">secart-178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСКУССТВО КАК НАУКА: ТЕОРИЯ, ТЕХНИКИ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ИЗОБРАЗИТЕЛЬНЫХ ИСКУССТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ART AS SCIENCE: THEORY, TECHNIQUES &amp; TECHNOLOGIES OF FINE ARTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Живописная» графика: техника трех карандашей, многослойный угольный рисунок</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Picturesque graphics": three pencil technique, multi-layered charcoal drawing</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомичева</surname><given-names>Дарья Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomicheva</surname><given-names>Daria Vladimirovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">fomichevadar@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия акварели и изящных искусств Сергея Андрияки</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sergey Andriaka Academy of Watercolor and Fine Arts</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Академия акварели и изящных искусств Сергея Андрияки, 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Академия акварели и изящных искусств Сергея Андрияки</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Академия акварели и изящных искусств Сергея Андрияки</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.secreta-artis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.secreta-artis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.secreta-artis.ru/jour/article/view/178">https://www.secreta-artis.ru/jour/article/view/178</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье описаны методы достижения живописных качеств в рисунке мягкими материалами: 1) создание эффекта полихромного изображения с использованием крайне ограниченной цветовой палитры (белый, черный и красный мел (сангина)); 2) последовательная работа над многослойным угольным рисунком с применением технических приемов, которые аналогичны приемам многослойной акварельной, масляной, пастельной живописи и рисунка на папье-пелле. Исследование впервые проведено путем анализа данных учебных пособий по рисунку, каталогов производителей и поставщиков художественных материалов во Франции, Великобритании, Германии, США, Российской Империи, изданных во второй половине XIX – начале XX века. Помимо этого, автором статьи была сформирована коллекция антикварных инструментов и материалов рисунка (уголь, итальянский карандаш, соус, сангина и мел), которые использовались в рассматриваемый период. В приложении к статье приведены фотографии этих инструментов и материалов в сопровождении сводных данных из руководств для художников, каталогов и прейскурантов поставщиков материалов для рисунка в Лондоне, Париже, Нью-Йорке, Санкт-Петербурге, Москве, Казани, опубликованных за период с 1851 по 1913 год. Техника рисунка второй половины XIX века – одна из наиболее сложных за всю историю графики, ее особенность – редкое разнообразие инструментов и тонкая продуманность приемов. В результате проведенного исследования автору статьи удалось расширить и дополнить сведения о графических техниках, что позволяет преподавать академический рисунок и изучать историю рисунка с использованием новых данных и уникального иллюстративного материала.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes methods of achieving painterly qualities while drawing with soft materials, which include: 1) creation of a polychrome image effect using an extremely limited color palette (white, black and red chalk (sanguine)); 2) thorough work on a multi-layer charcoal drawing employing techniques similar to those of multi-layer watercolor, oil and pastel painting, as well as papier-pelle drawing. The study was first conducted by analyzing drawing manuals, catalogs of manufacturers and suppliers of art materials from France, Great Britain, Germany, USA and Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. What is more, the author of the article assembled a collection of antique tools and materials for drawing with charcoal, black chalk or crayon, stumping chalk (pulverized charcoal), sanguine and white chalk, the use of which was widespread in the aforementioned period. The annex to the article provides photographs of the described instruments and materials accompanied by the aggregate data from art manuals, catalogs and price lists of drawing material suppliers from London, Paris, New York, St. Petersburg, Moscow and Kazan, published over a period from 1851 to 1913. The drawing tradition of the second half of the 19th century is among one of the most complex and challenging in the entire history of graphics, as it peculiarly combines in itself a variety of instruments and delicate thoroughness of techniques. As a result of the research, the author was able to expand and complement the existing knowledge about graphic techniques, which allows for teaching academic drawing and studying the history of drawing by applying new data and unique illustrative material.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>техника рисунка</kwd><kwd>академический рисунок</kwd><kwd>рисунок мягкими материалами</kwd><kwd>живописность рисунка</kwd><kwd>рисунок углем</kwd><kwd>техника трех карандашей</kwd><kwd>сангина</kwd><kwd>итальянский карандаш</kwd><kwd>рисовальный уголь</kwd><kwd>соус</kwd><kwd>растушка</kwd><kwd>скребец</kwd><kwd>палитра для рисунка</kwd><kwd>фиксирование рисунка</kwd><kwd>фиксатив</kwd><kwd>техника пастельной живописи</kwd><kwd>папье-пелле</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drawing technique</kwd><kwd>academic drawing</kwd><kwd>drawing with soft materials</kwd><kwd>painterly drawing</kwd><kwd>charcoal drawing</kwd><kwd>three pencil technique</kwd><kwd>sanguine</kwd><kwd>black crayon</kwd><kwd>charcoal</kwd><kwd>stumping chalk (pulverized charcoal)</kwd><kwd>stump</kwd><kwd>scraper</kwd><kwd>drawing palette</kwd><kwd>drawing fixing</kwd><kwd>fixative</kwd><kwd>pastel painting technique</kwd><kwd>papier-pelle´</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бергер Э. 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